{
  "review_date": "2026-10-22",
  "scope": "Primary-source recheck for the Karam review build; no researcher contacted; no site code modified.",
  "anthrobot_2025": {
    "doi": "10.1002/advs.202409330",
    "publication_date": "2025-06-06",
    "authors": [
      "Gizem Gumuskaya",
      "Nikolai Davey",
      "Pranjal Srivastava",
      "Andrew Bender",
      "Léo Pio-Lopez",
      "Douglas Hazel",
      "Michael Levin"
    ],
    "url": "https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202409330",
    "primary_fulltext_access": "Accessible through web retrieval; main text and captions rechecked.",
    "supporting_information": {
      "filename": "advs11772-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx",
      "publisher_listed_size": "26.9 KB",
      "listed_url": "https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1002%2Fadvs.202409330&file=advs11772-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx",
      "alternative_publisher_url": "https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/suppl/10.1002/advs.202409330/supinfo/advs11772-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx",
      "access": "Listed publisher download returned HTTP 403 via web. Alternative URL inaccessible via web and returned HTTP 403 via local Python urllib. Contents not inspected.",
      "pmc_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12376695/",
      "pmc_access": "Direct opening returned a browser check; indexed main text available. Supplement not obtained."
    },
    "clock_algorithm": null,
    "clock_version": null,
    "clock_preprocessing": null,
    "replicate_hierarchy": null,
    "method_limit": "Main-text array description does not identify the clock implementation. RNA-seq normalization and Voom descriptions must not be substituted for clock preprocessing.",
    "clock_donor_count": 1,
    "clock_donor_age_years": 21,
    "figure5c": [
      {
        "condition": "Passage-1 baseline",
        "estimate_years": 23.7,
        "reported_n": 12
      },
      {
        "condition": "Anthrobot day 10",
        "estimate_years": 19.1,
        "reported_n": 6
      },
      {
        "condition": "Anthrobot day 25",
        "estimate_years": 20.0,
        "reported_n": 3
      },
      {
        "condition": "Air-liquid interface",
        "estimate_years": 25.7,
        "reported_n": 3
      }
    ],
    "main_text_section_2_5": {
      "baseline_years": 25,
      "day10_years": 18.7,
      "day25_years": 20,
      "reported_reduction_percent_approx": 25
    },
    "discrepancy_status": "Unresolved. Retain both source statements; reported n is not donor count.",
    "data_availability": "Authors state data are available upon reasonable request. No openly linked sample-level clock dataset was verified. No request was sent.",
    "interpretation_limit": "Clock differences do not establish durable rejuvenation, restored function or bioelectric causation.",
    "field_level_locators": [
      {
        "fields": [
          "publication_date",
          "authors"
        ],
        "locator": "Article header"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "clock_donor_count",
          "clock_donor_age_years",
          "figure5c"
        ],
        "locator": "Figure 5, panel C caption"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "main_text_section_2_5",
          "discrepancy_status"
        ],
        "locator": "Results section 2.5, paragraphs after Figure 6 caption"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "array_platform",
          "clock_methods_access_limit"
        ],
        "locator": "Experimental Section: DNA Methylation Analysis; Supplement S5 referral"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "data_availability"
        ],
        "locator": "Data Availability Statement"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "supplement_access"
        ],
        "locator": "Supporting Information download link"
      }
    ]
  },
  "betse_2016": {
    "doi": "10.3389/fbioe.2016.00055",
    "publication_date": "2016-07-06",
    "authors": [
      "Alexis Pietak",
      "Michael Levin"
    ],
    "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2016.00055/full",
    "access": "Publisher full text inspected; software and supplement not independently executed or audited.",
    "scope": "Finite-volume multiphysics model tracking ion concentrations, electrodiffusion, active pumps, membrane/extra-/intracellular voltages, channel dynamics and optionally voltage-sensitive gap junctions.",
    "primary_validation": "Section 3.1.1 uses 35 simulated isolated cells with published Xenopus oocyte inputs; after 30 simulated minutes, voltage and reported ion concentrations differ by less than 10% from the cited observations.",
    "educational_model_provenance": "A fixed-reversal passive conductance model is an independently implemented teaching approximation. It is not BETSE, a BETSE reproduction, or a biological calibration.",
    "parameter_provenance": "Do not describe chosen pF/nS/pA teaching presets as measured Anthrobot parameters or as copied from BETSE. Identify them as synthetic, chosen to illustrate relaxation and coupling.",
    "limits": "The simplified model omits ionic concentration dynamics, active pumps, channel gating, extracellular fields, mechanics, gene regulation and morphology. No aging or rejuvenation prediction follows.",
    "suggested_checks": [
      "Dimensional consistency",
      "Isolated-cell analytical solution",
      "Zero-coupling independence",
      "Symmetric coupling conserves charge without leak/input",
      "Time-step refinement",
      "Perturbation sensitivity"
    ],
    "field_level_locators": [
      {
        "fields": [
          "model_scope"
        ],
        "locator": "Sections 2.1–2.5; Figure 1"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "gap_junction_scope"
        ],
        "locator": "Section 2.9"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "validation"
        ],
        "locator": "Section 3.1.1; Table 2"
      },
      {
        "fields": [
          "author_contributions"
        ],
        "locator": "Author contributions: Pietak designed and implemented models, code and data representation"
      }
    ]
  },
  "integration_recommendations": [
    "Use section/figure locator labels beside each field. Do not invent publisher URL fragments; base URLs plus locators are reliable.",
    "Keep unknown methods in the exported case and study brief, even after mapping or editing imported rows.",
    "Keep a published aggregate transcript distinct from observed or synthetic sample data.",
    "A reanalysis gate should remain blocked pending supplement, sample map and authorized data, while a source-conflict audit can be completed now.",
    "Separate software numerical verification from biological validation in the model and audit reports."
  ],
  "derived_arithmetic": {
    "figure5_day10_difference": -4.599999999999998,
    "figure5_day10_percent_change": -19.409282700421933,
    "text_day10_difference": -6.300000000000001,
    "text_day10_percent_change": -25.200000000000003,
    "interpretation": "Arithmetic from published summaries only; not rejuvenation years or sample-level reanalysis."
  }
}