Published animal experiment
Adult frog regeneration and function
Acute multidrug delivery via a wearable bioreactor facilitates long-term limb regeneration and functional recovery in adult Xenopus laevis
Evidence record
Source reviewed 2026-10-22 · Publication date retained
- Original publication
- 2022-01-26 · First online publication; review date is separate.
- DOI
- 10.1126/sciadv.abj2164
- Authors
- Nirosha J. Murugan, Hannah J. Vigran, Kelsie A. Miller, Annie Golding, Quang L. Pham, Megan M. Sperry, Cody Rasmussen-Ivey, Anna W. Kane, David L. Kaplan, Michael Levin
- Evidence class
- Published animal experiment
- Source access
- Direct PMC opening returned a browser check; indexed primary full-text content and PubMed metadata were available. Publisher returned 403. Supplement and raw data not independently audited.
- Model
- Adult female Xenopus laevis hindlimb injury.
- Donors / population
- Human donors: not applicable. Methods report 115 animals overall; endpoint-specific subsets differ.
- Experimental units
- Animals; tissue sections and repeated measurements are nested observations. Full endpoint-level sample hierarchy not independently audited.
- Controls
- Random assignment to no device, BioDome only, or BioDome plus multidrug treatment.
- Endpoints
- Regrowth, tissue patterning, histology, gene expression and sensorimotor function over 18 months.
- Finding in scope
- Combined treatment improved tissue complexity and functional responses relative to controls.
- Limitations
- A combined intervention in frogs; not a complete normal limb, a human therapy, or proof of voltage-specific causation.
- Next test
- Independent replication with prespecified functional outcomes and blinded scoring; isolate contributions of device and treatment components.
- Human clinical evidence
- None.
Translate evidence into a question.
This is external research. It is not a Karam result, clinical service or claim of an available intervention.